Conversely, 29 percent of students in neighborhoods with the highest levels of poverty had no classmates from middle school in their 9th grade class. Those living in the most advantaged neighborhoods experienced the most peer continuity. Likewise, there were large differences associated with neighborhood income, as seen in Figure 1B. Fully 27 percent of Black students were the only one from their 8th grade class at their high school, compared with 20 percent of Latinx students and less than 8 percent of White and Asian students. As shown in Figure 1A, this average obscures sharp differences in peer continuity by race/ethnicity. Overall, nearly 1 in 5 students ended up as the only person from their middle school to enroll in their 9th grade class. In fact, prior to this analysis, we are not aware of any research examining the extent of peer continuity from middle to high school in New York City, let alone its effects. While there is some evidence that having a stable group of peers matters for students’ emotional well-being, academic outcomes, and ties between families, the research to date is relatively thin. Because of these factors, we might expect to see a fairly high degree of “peer continuity” as students move from middle to high school. Some high schools give admissions priority to students who live nearby or attend a feeder middle school. Students can apply to any high school in the City, but prior studies have found that families generally prefer schools that are closer to home. Small themed schools predominate in Manhattan and the Bronx, for example, while Queens and Brooklyn offer a mix of school sizes Staten Island retains mostly large comprehensive high schools. ![]() However there are notable differences in the number and size of schools available across the five boroughs. ![]() The resulting terrain offers students a multitude of high school options. During this time, the district closed many large, persistently low-performing schools opened hundreds of new small schools and expanded high school choice to students throughout the district. New York City’s high school landscape has undergone dramatic shifts during the last two decades. How Often Are NYC Students "Going It Alone"?
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